Ernesto Guevara de Serna Essay -- Ernest Che Guevara Biographies Essay

Ernesto Guevara de Serna Ernesto Guevara de Serna was conceived in Argentina in 1928 into a genuinely favored family. He created genuine asthma at two years old, which would torment him for an incredible duration. He was self-taught by his mom, Celia de la Serna. It was these early years when he turned into an excited peruser of Marx, Engels, and Freud which all were all piece of his dad's library. He went to auxiliary school in 1941, the Colegio Nacional Dean Funes, Cordoba, where he exceeded expectations in writing and sports. At home he was dazzled by the Spanish Civil War exiles and by the long arrangement of political emergencies in Argentina. These finished in the ‘Left Fascist’ autocracy of Juan Peron, to whom the Guevara de la Sernas were restricted. These occasions and impacts embedded thoughts of disdain for the act of parliamentary majority rule government, a contempt of military lawmakers and the military, the entrepreneur theocracy, and, most importantly, U.S. dominion. In spite of the fact that his folks, most prominently his mom, were against Peronist activists, he didn't take an interest in progressive understudy developments and indicated little enthusiasm for governmental issues at Buenos Aires University (1947) where he contemplated medication. He concentrated on understanding his own infection, and later turned out to be progressively keen on sickness. In 1949 he made the first of his long excursions, investigating northern Argentina on a bike. This was the first run through Ernesto came into contact with poor people and the remainders of the Indian clans. It was during this time away from tutoring that Guevara, presently nicknamed "Che" (Italian cause meaning mate or mate), first encountered the profundity of neediness and enduring of his colleagues. In 1951, in the wake of taking his tests, he made an any longer excursion. He visited southern Argentina, Chile, where he met Salvador Allende, and Peru, where he labored for a little while in the San Pablo leprosarium. He at that point was in Colombia at the hour of La Violencia, and Venezuela and Miami where he was captured yet before long discharged. He got back for his finals certain about just a single thing: he would not like to turn into a white collar class general professional. He passed, spend significant time in dermatology, and went to La Paz, Bolivia, during the National Revolution where he censured as a go getter. From that point he went to Guatemala, showing up during the communist Arbenz administration. It was in Guatemala that he started ... ...reabouts were a mystery and his passing was broadly reputed. He was in different African nations, strikingly the Congo studying the potential outcomes of transforming the Kinshasa disobedience into a Communist upset, by Cuban-style guerrilla strategies. He came back to Cuba to prepare volunteers for that venture, and took a power of 120 Cubans to the Congo. His men battled well, yet the Kinshasa rebels didn't. They were pointless against the Belgian soldiers of fortune, and by fall 1965 Che needed to encourage Castro to pull back Cuban guide. Che's last progressive experience was in Bolivia where he horribly misconstrued the progressive capability of that nation with tragic results. The endeavor finished in his being caught by a Bolivian armed force unit and shot a day later. In light of his wild, sentimental appearance, his running style, and his reluctance to curve to any sort of foundation, Che turned into a legend and an icon for the revolutionaryâ€and even the simply discontentedâ€youth of the later 1960s and mid 70's. He was a concentration for the sort of urgent progressive activity which appeared, to a large number of youngsters, the main any desire for devastating the universe of white collar class modern free enterprise and socialism.

Journals reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diaries perusing - Essay Example Also, these rules are fundamental for managing the dynamic the procedure of the essayist. Much the same as the creative cycle requests the author to concoct everything before composing, specialists additionally search for thoughts and motivation before starting their work of art. They conceptualize and think of different thoughts they feel reasonable to their subject or expectation. Similarly significant, the craftsman additionally plans and structure before painting (Armstrong 24). The article utilizes direct discourse cited from different speakers. Utilization of direct discourse is significant in sentence development since it makes the message look legitimate and genuine to the peruser and distinctive crowd. Moreover, it additionally constrains contortion of the message since it is cited. As indicated by the part Planning, the chill off is the decrease in force of writers’ disappointment and temper. Different writers when confronted with troublesome composing undertakings consistently create dissatisfaction and outrage that prompts irregular reasoning. Through arbitrary musings, scholars get the perfect and ideal chance to chill off and judiciously think. Therefore, they figure out how to take care of the issues and in the long run begin composing. In addition, free composing is the best and most valuable composing methodology. As indicated by Stafford, free composing is valuable since it permits the essayist to compose different articles or material rapidly (32). It additionally encourages journalists to improve their speed, innovativeness, and memory. Similarly, free composing incites basic speculation since an essayist is relied upon to compose what he/she can review. Additionally, it guarantees development of pertinent and itemized work since essayists are relied upon to edit. Through editing, essayists can evacuate unessential and unordinary focuses or sentence from their work. They likewise right language and spelling botches in their work. Also, Speculation is to consider or attempt to make sense of a thought without knowing the specific significance or motivation behind it. Theory of thoughts is critical to

History class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History class - Essay Example Galileo contributed a ton in the improvement of logical technique. He developed his hypotheses in an energetic way, for example, the law that administers falling bodies. He would assess all the variables that may be useful like the impact of air obstruction and afterward he would speculate what might occur. Galileo encircled a recipe for the examination of falling bodies which was s=gt2(s is the separation of the whole fall and t is the all out time of the fall). Galileo contributed a great deal in the field of hypothetical material science, arithmetic and material science of test nature and he built up an appropriate relationship among these fields. Galileo additionally set up norms of time and length so as to think about various examination acted in various labs. Along these lines, we can say that Galileo was probably the best researcher and a hopeful mathematician all things considered. Albert Einstein named him as the dad of present day science. Science changed its methodology because of these researchers and mathematician and fresher terms like analytics, parabola and logarithms can into reality in his

Battle of Monmouth

June of 1778, General Washington is intending to assault General Sir Henry Clinton and his soldiers as they walk from Philadelphia to New York. Washington sent 5,000 men with Major General Charles Lee to assault the British back watchman. Lee is compelled to withdraw, however Washington is prepared for the British with the primary armed force. At long last the two sides had asserted triumph. Close Monmouth County Courthouse, the fight was battled on June 28, 1778. The climate was so hot upon the arrival of the fight that numerous troopers experienced warmth stroke.Many of Washington’s officials supported his arrangements to assault General Clinton, yet Major General Lee was against it. Lee felt that after their collusion with the French, that they shouldn’t assault the British except if they have overpowering prevalence. Washington chose to send 4,000 men to assault Clintons back gatekeeper, Lee turned down order of the power. After Washington raised the measure of men to 5,000, Lee requested to be provided order. Lee was provided severe requests to hold a gathering to decide the arrangement of assault with his officers.During the gathering, Lee advised the officials to be alert for orders during the fight as opposed to arranging it out. At the point when they experienced the British, Lee immediately lost control. After this the British moved to flank Lee’s men, when Lee saw this he requested a retreat. Washington had been bringing the principle armed force up when he saw Lee’s powers withdrawing. Washington found Lee and excused him after not accepting a good answer with respect to what had occurred. Washington revitalized Lee’s men and held off the British sufficiently long to set situations in the west. In the wake of battling till at some point in the late evening, the British retreated.Washington would have liked to seek after however his men were depleted from battling the entire day in the warmth. The Battle of Monmouth was the last significant fight battled in the north during the war. After the fight the British had held up in New York and concentrated on the southern states. Lee mentioned a court military to refute his blamelessness from any doings after the fight. Washington at that point documented conventional charges against Lee, where he was seen as blameworthy and suspended. During the Battle a lady who was carrying water to American ordnance men is said to of assumed control over terminating for her significant other when he had fallen.

Comparing Two Personal Experiences essays

Looking at Two Personal Experiences papers The various inspirations of two creators to become experts and have incredible vocations in their lives. Numerous individuals have changed their lives in light of something that made them miserable or extremely discouraged. The writer of Another Writer's Beginnings which was R. A. Sasaki contrast with the creator of Through the Tunnel which was Doris Lessing. The examination of what they have experienced modified their lives. They have been effective through these things and encounters. From Another Writer's Beginning, R. A. Sasaki was a revolting youngster when she was close to nothing. She had a disappointed look with a smidgen of nose, and two teeth that got before her mouth which make she looks terrible. Her hair cut straight around the ear cartilage and straight across over the eyebrows, which make she resembled a logger. She additionally had glasses that caused she to feel uglier. Sasaki needed to be a Japanese Mouseketeer, and the truth of her offensiveness had never prevented her from trusting. At the point when she brought home her fifth-grade school picture, she realized she looks appalling. She was in a pink dress which blasts cut straight over her face. Furthermore, her two front teeth made it seemed as though she had a mouth brimming with marbles. She gave the image to her mom, and there was a long quiet and followed by an indication of her mom. At that specific second, she thought about that she probably won't make it as a Mouseketeer after these thing s. So she would need to create different abilities, for example, an entertainer. From Through the Tunnel the creator was Doris Lessing which otherwise called Jerry. Jerry was an English kid, eleven years of age and a lone offspring of a widow. He and his mom having an excursion on where there was a wild sea shore. The individuals over yonder communicate in an alternate language, and he began to turn out to be forlorn. He has no companions or family members. All the young men and folks didn't play with him. Since Jerry like to swim, at that point he must choose between limited options other than that. At some point. He saw the young men swim in the ocean, and soon they... <!

Flashback

Flashback So, being an incoming frosh, theres really not much I can talk about. Unless you consider all of those 500 forms I needed to fill out and send in to MIT. So I thought, why not share my thoughts on some of the less boring ones? Todays topic is housing, because its raining out and housing is the most fun topic. I was so, so excited to get the i3 video. i3 stands for Interactive Introduction to the Institute, and it showcases videos a few minutes in length about each of the dorms so that the incoming freshmen can make a more educated choice about where they want to live. Of course, most of the videos are nothing more than 5 minutes of someone with a video camera running through the halls, someone with a video camera following someone dressed in a monkey suit running through the halls, or people stuffing themselves into dryers in the laundry room. After each video you usually have a headache and a few disjointed snapshot images in your mind about what some of the rooms look like (which will become all jumbled in your mind with images from the other dorms anyway), but its all good fun. If youre dying to see these videos, some residences will host the video on their individual homepages. Visit http://web.mit.edu/housing/undergrad/residences.html and click on the name of the residence hall youre interested in. From this page, you can click where it says Go to visit [insert hall name here] homepage and dig around the individual sites to find the downloadable video. If you cant find the video for a particular residence, remember, I made no promises. EDIT: Or, you could just visit http://web.mit.edu/i3/, where all of the vidoes are located on one convenient webpage! (And here is example number 1 of me doing dumb things. Im here all year, by the way Moving on) So I filled out the Freshman Housing Lottery like this: I tied Baker and Burton-Conner for first and listed New House as my third choice. After that I barely even remember. I know Id be happy in any of those 3, so itll all work out okay. In fact, during CPW (thats Campus Preview Weekend, MITs admitted students event) I filled out some survey that came in one of the many folders and envelopes I collected during my stay. The results told me that Id be happy pretty much anywhere- East Campus or West Campus. Heres the difference: West Campus dorms can be considered more traditional in terms of college atmosphere. There are lots of parties, dances, and social events. East Campus dorms (keep in mind there is also a residence hall called East Campus, which is a specific dorm which falls under the umbrella category of East Campus dorms) are more diverse and unconventional. Residents in this part of campus tend to fit more easily into the stereotypical MIT student mold. Basically, West Campus mocks East Campus for being weird and East Campus mocks West Campus for being normal. Good fun all around, and I really hope I expressed this clearly and wont be getting any angry emails from students about the way I portrayed them. (Also, I hope it goes without saying that these are generalizations that shouldnt be strictly applied to everyone.) So, theres my very short introduction to MIT housing. It is entertaining and witty, and contains almost no actual content. Be sure to visit the websites linked above, which can probably provide you with actual facts. Or at least quality video. In about 5 weeks, when I only have a week left before I need to leave for MIT, Ill probably start shopping for clothes and dorm supplies and all that. When it happens, Ill be sure to share with you, my faithful readers. (For those incoming frosh who arent slackers, you can visit this page to get a good idea of what you might need to bring to campus with you in August.)

The Suicide of Young Werther A Pathological Release - Literature Essay Samples

In the form of a semi-autobiographical epistolary novel, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) composed the highly emotional Die Leiden des jungen Werther within a matter of weeks. Suitably known as a â€Å"Briefroman† in German, the novel is a compilation of letters from Werther to his friend, Wilhelm, and is assembled from May 4, 1771 until December 1772 by an unknown third narrator, who concludes the novel after Werther takes his life. It is this narrator who mentions the presence of Lessing’s tragic play Emilia Galotti, opened to an unnumbered page atop Werther’s desk as he slowly dies on the floor. The significance of this reference to Emilia Galotti is fiercely debated, with theories ranging from political to personal reasons as to why Goethe incorporated the bourgeois tragedy. Analyzing key letters written to Wilhelm depicts the deterioration of Werther’s mental state and the manner in which his anxiety and depression lead to his death. In comparis on to the concept of suicide in 18th century Europe, Werther’s suicide focuses on the pathology and is independent of religion or theological discourse. Werther’s suicidal thoughts occur throughout the novel, suggesting Werther’s propensity for mental health instability and his opening sentence â€Å"Wie froh bin ich, dass ich weg bin!† (How glad I am to be gone!) portends a proclivity of escapism (Goethe 2). As early as his May 22nd letter, Werther broods over man’s limitations and the activities which merely prolong the â€Å"wretched† human existence. He glorifies one’s ability to take his own life, writing â€Å"And then, with all his limitations, he nevertheless always has in his heart the sweet feeling that he’s free, and can leave this prison anytime he wants† (Appelbaum 15). Werther’s pessimistic attitude prevails despite his bursts of happiness, with him claiming that these moments of bliss will be short lived and lamenting to Wilhelm, â€Å"Must it so be that whatever makes man happy must later become the source of his misery?† (77). Lotte, Wilhelm’s source of bliss and misery, admonishes him for his excessive compassion (Goethe 50). In truth, Werther has more empathy for the world than he can bear and these emotions weigh on him with a heaviness that contribute to his depression. He outlines his disinterest in reading, nature, and art, previous pastimes of his, concluding with a melancholy â€Å"When we lack ourselves, we lack everything† (Appelbaum 81). Coupled with his depression, Werther yearns for something more such as in applying for the embassy position but his anxiety inhibits him. Trapped between these opposing feelings, Werther turns to thoughts of self-harm, with imaginative scenes such as jabbing a knife throu gh his heart (109). The reader may notice that Werther’s suicidal inclinations are mentioned with increasing frequency and complexity, as he applies analogies to describe his tormented feelings. Such can be found in the March 16th entry: â€Å"Naturalists tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively open a vein with their teeth, when heated and exhausted by a long course, in order to breathe more freely† (111). This description also foreshadows his unnecessarily bled arm after committing suicide (201). Werther outrightly states his yearning for a permanent respite with â€Å"I am often tempted to open a vein, to procure for myself everlasting liberty† (111). The mysterious third-person narrator returns to chronicle Werther’s laborious death scene, in which Lessing’s Emilia Galotti lays open on Werther’s desk. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781) was Goethe’s literary predecessor and while the two intellectuals never met, Goethe credits him as an inspiration (DeGuire). There are many theories regarding Goethe’s intentional omission of Lessings name. Given the absence of any reference to which act, scene, or page number to which the play is open, the most logical reason is that Goethe wanted the reader to focus on the essence and overall message within Emilia Galotti. Many interpretations of Emilia Galotti in Werther are political, having to do with a critique of the bourgeois. Dr. Mary DeGuire argues, however, that â€Å"Goethe’s inclusion of Emilia Galotti at this textual site marks Goethe’s aesthetic disagreement with Lessing’s ideas concerning pain and beauty in death† (94- 5). This is a valid argument, given that Emilia’s death is quick, her beauty is retained, and her father lays her on the floor whereas Werther is discovered with paralyzed limbs and his brains spilled out, yet a pulse continuing to beat six hours later (Lessing 68; Appelbaum 201). This truly sickening scene destroys the romanticization of suicide which Werther had previously painted. It is not until twelve hours after committing the deed that Werther is finally released from his suffering (Appelbaum 201-3). Despite the graphic discrepancies between Werther and Emilia, both death scenes share similarities in motive and circumstance, such as the existence of a love triangle. Death serves as their only escape from the entanglement between passion and sin – through Emilia’s feelings of impurity from the Prince and Werther’s romantic last encounter with Lotte. Additionally, Emilia and Werther hope their deaths benefit their loved ones. While Emilia sacrifices herself to maintain her virtue, as that is her father’s will, Werther sacrifices himself in order to restore contentment and serenity to Lotte’s life. In a final comparison, borrowed weapons are the means with which each suicide is committed and are handled by the one whom each victim wishes to appease. As Emilia’s mediary suicide is suitably carried out by her father’s hand, Werther delights in the fact that Lotte touched the pistols; she from whom Werther wished to receive death (197). As a contrary interpretation, perhaps no symbolism exists between Emilia Galotti and Werther. It may be that Goethe simply modelled Werther’s end after a suicide of actual occurrence, namely that of Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem (1747-1772). The son of a theologian, Jerusalem made acquaintance with Goethe in 1765 in Leipzig during the latter’s study of law. Jerusalem had Gotthold Ephraim Lessing as his patron, as an extension of his father’s friendship with the author of Emilia Galotti. Goethe and Jerusalem were not fond of each other and thusly fell out of contact until a chance encounter in 1772, the same year in which Goethe met the inspiration for Werther’s love, Charlotte (Lotte) Buff, and her fiancà ©, Johann Georg Christian Kestner. Before Jerusalem killed himself, he wrote a letter to Kestner asking to borrow his pistols. Goethe used Jerusalem’s exact words in Werther’s request to Albert, writing â€Å"Would you lend me your pistols for a trip I intend to make? Farewell and be happy!† (Appelbaum 191). Similar to Werther, not only was Jerusalem suffering from failures in romantic and diplomatic realms, but more significantly, the last book for him to read before his suicide was Emilia Galotti. While Goethe did not address the plagiarism of Jerusalem’s death, he described the Briefroman as â€Å"an innocent mixture of truth and fabrication† in a letter to Charlotte (Appelbaum vi-iii). In this way, the significance of the Emilia Galotti reference may only reach as far as being a tribute to a man whom Goethe hardly knew, although it is more generally assumed that Goethe wanted the reader to assess Werther’s suicide based on the morals in Emilia Galotti. The condemnation of self-killing, which was formally based on religious beliefs, underwent a change of thinking during the Enlightenment. Goethe saw suicide as a necessary subject of discussion and his use of the taboo topic epitomizes Werther as Sturm und Drang literature, an offshoot movement of the Enlightenment which advocated nature, anti-establishment, and boldness (Appelbaum vi). Despite the few accounts of alleged copycat suicides – also known as the â€Å"Werther-effect† – which resulted in the novel’s publication ban in various locations, there is no evidence to prove any epidemiological consequence (Niederkrotenthaler). The concept of self-murder, as suicide was known since the 1650s, was common well before the 18th century and was characterized as a crime, in addition to being considered an expression of pathological madness (Bà ¤hr). Due to St. Augustine’s declaration that the 5th commandment â€Å"Thou shalt not kill† applied t o suicide as well as murder, suicides were subject to moral and religious implications. Lutheran’s believed suicide to be a result of the devil, with Martin Luther arguing that suicides were merely damned people â€Å"overpowered† with evil and who might still be saved by God, although God’s discernment on this matter was ultimately equivocal (Stuart). On the other hand, Catholics asserted the act as a mortal sin, as suicide cannot be absolved through confession. Under the fear of eternal damnation, the idea of suicide by proxy came into being. This entailed a murder of an innocent person, generally a child, in order to save them from the damnation of life as well as allowing the murderer a confession before their execution. While murder was the most common form of suicide by proxy, suicidal individuals might commit a different capital offense or falsely confess to such a crime. The earliest recorded suicide by proxy occurred in 1612 and this phenomena continued well into the 18th century, when German jurists designated the act â€Å"mittelbarer Selbstmord.† The remains of suicide victims were handed over by the Catholics and Protestants to the authorities for disposal. The location of suicide graves varied from region to region in Germany, but were generally either cremated, thrown into the river, or dumped in a mass grave underneath the gallows (Stuart). These religious penalties were alluded to in Werther, as the protagonist wrote to Lotte in his suicide letter that he wished to be buried in a secluded spot, between two lime trees in the church courtyard, explaining â€Å"I don’t want to give pious Christians the unpleasantness of laying their bodies down next to an unfortunate wretch† (Appelbaum 199). Furthermore, during the account of Werther’s burial, the third person narrator writes that no clergyman attended which corresponds with the Catholic belief that suicides were not worthy of proper burial (Goethe 202). As stated by Dr. Andreas Bà ¤hr, the concept that is known today as â€Å"suicide† reflects a gradual and complex historical process of pathologizing and decriminalizing the act of taking ones own life. Prior to the German term â€Å"Selbstmord† and the relative normalization of suicide, â€Å"Selbstentleibung,† or self-disembodiment, was used to describe self-murder. In the Germ an dictionary from Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, German writer Joachim Heinrich Campe defines â€Å"Selbstentleibung† as â€Å"das widerspiel derselben (der selbsterhaltung) ist die willkà ¼hrliche oder vorsà ¤tzliche zerstà ¶rung seiner animalischen naturdie totale heiszt die selbstentleibung† (The contrary of this (self-preservation) is the arbitrary or intentional destruction of its animal nature the whole is called self-disembodiment). In Goethe’s autobiographical Dichtung und Wahrheit, he writes that suicide â€Å"demands the sympathy of every man, and in every epoch must be discussed anew.† Given that Goethe had anxiety and depressive episodes, perhaps writing Die Leiden des jungen Werther was a method of cognitive rationalization for Goethe and a cathartic strategy for coping with his own mental health (Holm-Hadulla). According to Dr. Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, â€Å"suicidality plays a role in the novel a long time before the suicidal act at the end,† a reflection of Goethe recognizing the predisposition to mental health issues. Can anyone without suicidal tendencies truly understand the motivation or mindset of someone who commits suicide? Through creating a therapeutic piece of prose for his own suffering, Goethe may have also been attempting to educate readers who simply cannot fathom such a depth of despair that one would take their own life. Additionally, by incorporating Emilia Galott i, Goethe proves that such feelings of anguish are not isolated occurrences. The reader can only hope that in his afterlife, Werther is able to remark to himself once more, â€Å"Wie froh bin ich, dass ich weg bin!† Works Cited Bà ¤hr, Andreas. â€Å"Between â€Å"Self-Murder† and â€Å"Suicide†: The Modern Etymology of Self-Killing.† Journal of Social History (Spring 2013) 46 (3): 620-632. doi: 10.1093/jsh/shs119 http://jsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/3/620.full DeGuire, Mary. Intertextuality in Goethes Werther Diss. U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von. Thirteenth Book. Trans. John Oxenford. The Autobiography of Goethe: Truth and Poetry From My Own Life. Gottingen ed. N.p.: Library of Alexandria, 1882. N. pag. Print. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von, and Stanley Appelbaum. The Sorrows of Young Werther = Die Leiden Des Jungen Werther: A Dual-language Book. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004. Print. Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm. Wà ¶rterbuchnetz Selbstentleibung. Wà ¶rterbuchnetz Deutsches Wà ¶rterbuch Von Jacob Grimm Und Wilhelm Grimm. Trier Center for Digital Humanities, 2011. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. Holm-Hadulla, Rainer M. Goethes Anxieties, Depressive Episodes and (Self-)Therapeutic Strategies: A Contribution to Method Integration in Psychotherapy. Psychopathology 46.4 (2013): 266-74. Karger Publishers. Web. 9 Dec. 2016. Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim. Emilia Galotti. Ein Trauerspiel in Fà ¼nf Aufzà ¼gen. Comp. Michael Holzinger. N.p.: Berliner Ausgabe, 2016. Print. Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, and Arno Herberth and Gernot Sonneck. Der Werther-Effekt: Mythos oder Realità ¤t?. Neuropsychiatr. 2007; 21(4): 284–290. Stuart, Kathy. â€Å"Suicide by Proxy: The Unintended Consequences of Public Executions in Eighteenth-Century Germany.† Central European History, vol. 41, no. 3, 2008, pp. 413–445. www.jstor.org/stable/20457368.